Recomendaciones de «no hacer» en cuidados intensivos pediátricos en España: selección por método Delphi / Paediatric intensive care ‘do not do’ recommendations in Spain: Selection by Delphi method

Introducción: La asistencia sanitaria no está exenta de prácticas diagnósticas y terapéuticas poco efectivas, inseguras o ineficientes. Como reacción han sido propuestas recomendaciones de «no hacer» por diferentes sociedades científicas y autoridades sanitarias. Nuestro objetivo fue seleccionar y consensuar un grupo de recomendaciones de «no hacer» (RNH) en cuidados intensivos pediátricos en España. Material y método: Esta investigación se desarrolló en dos fases: primera, recopilación de posibles RNH; segunda, selección por método Delphi de las más importantes según prevalencia de la práctica a modificar, gravedad de sus potenciales riesgos, y facilidad con la que podría ser modificada. Tanto las propuestas como las evaluaciones fueron realizadas por miembros de grupos de trabajo de la Sociedad Española de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (SECIP) coordinados por correo electrónico. El listado inicial de RNH fue reduciéndose en base al coeficiente de variación (<80%) de sus evaluaciones. Resultados: Fueron propuestas 182 RNH por 30 intensivistas. Los 14 evaluadores del Delphi lograron reducir el set inicial a 85 RNH y tras una segunda ronda se llegó a la selección final de 26 RNH. Las dimensiones de calidad más representadas en nuestro set final son la efectividad clínica y la seguridad de pacientes. Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo ha permitido seleccionar y consensuar una serie de recomendaciones para evitar prácticas inseguras, ineficientes o inefectivas en intensivos pediátricos en España, lo que podría ser útil para mejorar la calidad de nuestra actividad clínica. (AU)

Introduction: Health care is not free of ineffective, unsafe or inefficient diagnostic and therapeutic practices. To address this, different scientific societies and health authorities have proposed ‘do not do’ recommendations (DNDRs). Our goal was the selection by consensus of a set of DNDRs for paediatric intensive care in Spain. Material and method: The research was carried out in two phases: first, gathering potential DNDRs; second, selecting the most important ones, using the Delphi method, based on the prevalence of the practice to be modified, the severity of its potential risks and the ease with which it could be modified. Proposals and evaluations were both made by members of working groups of the Sociedad Española de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (SECIP, Spanish Society of Paediatric Intensive Care), coordinated by email. The initial set of DNDRs was reduced based on the coefficient of variation (<80%) of the corresponding evaluations. Results: A total of 182 DNDRs were proposed by 30 intensivists. The 14 Delphi evaluators managed to pare down the initial set to 85 DNDRs and, after a second round, to the final set of 26 DNDRs. The care quality dimensions most represented in the final set are clinical effectiveness and patient safety. Conclusions: This study allowed the selection by consensus of a series of recommendations to avoid unsafe, inefficient or ineffective practices in paediatric intensive care in Spain, which could be useful for improving the quality of clinical care in our field. (AU)

Paediatric intensive care 'do not do' recommendations in Spain: Selection by Delphi method.

INTRODUCTION: Health care is not free of ineffective, unsafe or inefficient diagnostic and therapeutic practices. To address this, different scientific societies and health authorities have proposed 'do not do' recommendations (DNDRs). Our goal was the selection by consensus of a set of DNDRs for paediatric intensive care in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The research was carried out in 2 phases: first, gathering potential DNDRs; second, selecting the most important ones, using the Delphi method, based on the prevalence of the practice to be modified, the severity of its potential risks and the ease with which it could be modified. Proposals and evaluations were both made by members of working groups of the Sociedad Española de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (SECIP, Spanish Society of Paediatric Intensive Care), coordinated by email. The initial set of DNDRs was reduced based on the coefficient of variation (<80%) of the corresponding evaluations. RESULTS: A total of 182 DNDRs were proposed by 30 intensivists. The 14 Delphi evaluators managed to pare down the initial set to 85 DNDRs and, after a second round, to the final set of 26 DNDRs. The care quality dimensions most represented in the final set are clinical effectiveness and patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: This study allowed the selection by consensus of a series of recommendations to avoid unsafe, inefficient or ineffective practices in paediatric intensive care in Spain, which could be useful for improving the quality of clinical care in our field.

Fallo hepático agudo por gripe A: manifestación poco común de un problema frecuente / Acute liver failure by Influenza A: rare manifestation of a common problem

El fallo hepático agudo es un cuadro grave y poco frecuente en Pediatría. Precisa un manejo multidisplinar. Aunque en la mitad de los casos no se llega a un diagnóstico etiológico definitivo, conviene conocer sus causas según los grupos de edad, debido a su implicación pronóstica y terapéutica. Se reconocen principalmente causas infecciosas, tóxicas, metabólicas y autoinmunes. Dentro de las causas infecciosas, destacan los virus de la familia herpes y los virus hepatotropos; sin embargo, también se ha relacionado con virus respiratorios y en concreto con el virus de la gripe, en cuyo caso, el pronóstico es bueno. Presentamos el caso de una niña de cuatro años que debutó con cuadro de fallo hepático agudo secundario a infección por virus influenza A con una evolución muy favorable

Acute liver failure is a severe disease uncommon in children, that needs a multidisciplinar approach. In over a half of the patients the etiology is unknown. Nevertheless, remains very important for the management and prognosis to understand the main etiologies upon the group of ages. The causes may be divided in infec­tious, toxin/drug, metabolic, and autoinmune. Over the infectious etiologies the herpes virus and other hepatotropic viruses are the most frequent. However, respiratory viruses, and particularly Virus Influenza have been identified as potential cause of acute liver failure, in which the prognosis is significantly better. We report on a four-year-old girl who developed acute liver failure due to an influenza A infection with very good outcome

Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium in Two Children with Neurological Injury.

Neurogenic stunned myocardium is described as sudden and reversible cardiac dysfunction induced by an acute neurological event. This phenomenon has not been thoroughly investigated in infants, and is probably underdiagnosed. Here, we report the cases of two infants with neurogenic stunned myocardium in whom the clinical suspicion was relevant, with a brief discussion of this condition.

Set of Quality Indicators of Pediatric Intensive Care in Spain: Delphi Method Selection.

INTRODUCTION: This study objective was to identify, select, and define a basic set of quality indicators for pediatric intensive care in Spain. METHODS: (1) Review of the literature to identify quality indicators and their defining elements and (2) selection of indicators by consensus of a group of experts using basic Delphi methodology (2 rounds) and forms distributed by email among experts from the Spanish society of pediatric intensive care. RESULTS: We selected quality indicators according to their relevance and feasibility and the experts' agreement on their incorporation in the final set. We included only those indicators whose assessment was within the highest tertile and greater than or equal to 70% evaluator agreement in the final selection. Starting from an initially proposed set of 136 indicators, 31 experts first selected 43 indicators for inclusion in the second round. Twenty indicators were selected for the final set. This "top 20" set comprised 9 process indicators, 9 of results (especially treatment-associated adverse effects), and 2 indicators of structure. Several of them are classical indicators in intensive care medicine (rates of hospital-acquired infections, pressure ulcers, etc.), whereas others are specifically pediatric (eg, unrestricted parent visitation or training the parents of technology-dependent children). CONCLUSIONS: We reached a consensus on a set of 20 essential quality indicators for pediatric intensive care in Spain. A significant subset reflects the peculiarities of pediatric care. We consider this subset as a starting point for future projects of network collaboration between pediatric intensive care units in Spain.